The magnetic strands gather together to form pores, and pores subsequently coalesce to form larger pores or proto-spots. A proto-spot is a pore or umbra that will eventually develop into a sunspot.
An example can be seen in the image. If the proto-spot collects enough magnetic flux and conditions allow for the magnetic field to become inclined parallel to the solar surface , then, the so-called penumbra will form. When the hydrogen is exhausted, the Sun's temperature at the surface will begin to cool and the outer layers will expand outward to near the orbit of Mars. The Sun at this point will be a "red giant" and 10, times brighter than its present luminosity.
After the red giant phase, the Sun will shrink to a white dwarf star about the size of the Earth and slowly cool for several billion more years. Sunspots: One interesting aspect of the Sun is its sunspots. Sunspots are areas where the magnetic field is about 2, times stronger than Earth's, much higher than anywhere else on the Sun. Because of the strong magnetic field, the magnetic pressure increases while the surrounding atmospheric pressure decreases.
This in turn lowers the temperature relative to its surroundings because the concentrated magnetic field inhibits the flow of hot, new gas from the Sun's interior to the surface. Sunspots tend to occur in pairs that have magnetic fields pointing in opposite directions. A typical spot consists of a dark region called the umbra , surrounded by a lighter region known as the penumbra.
The sunspots appear relatively dark because the surrounding surface of the Sun the photosphere is about 10, degrees F. Sunspots are quite large as an average size is about the same size as the Earth. Sunspots, Solar Flares, Coronal Mass Ejections and their influence on Earth: Coronal Mass Ejections shown left and solar flares are extremely large explosions on the photosphere. In just a few minutes, the flares heat to several million degrees F.
They occur near sunspots, usually at the dividing line between areas of oppositely directed magnetic fields. Hot matter called plasma interacts with the magnetic field sending a burst of plasma up and away from the Sun in the form of a flare. Solar flares emit x-rays and magnetic fields which bombard the Earth as geomagnetic storms. Sunspots generally appear in opposite-polarity pairs or in opposite-polarity groups when the magnetic field is fractured.
And sometimes the magnetic field can emerge to the surface fractured and tangled, leading to a great and confusing sunspot group. A sunspot bino challenge. How can smoke from West Coast fires cause red sunsets in New York? What will Solar Orbiter's mission accomplish? Astronomers develop new method for predicting explosive solar flares. An elemental problem with the Sun. Up close and personal: 10 years in the life of the Sun.
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Mobile Newsletter chat subscribe. Prev NEXT. The Solar System. These sunspots may seem small, but most are actually larger than the planet Earth.
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