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Kudrna et al. Learn more about how genetic diversity can minimize risk and buffer species from climate change impacts. You could almost blame the greenness of the Chicago River on lack of genetic diversity. Well, at least, indirectly…. The potato famine is an extreme example of the consequences of loss of genetic diversity. Ireland relied so heavily on monoculture of potatoes that when blight caused the potatoes to rot, the Irish lost their primary food source.
Famine — and mass migration — ensued. So, while the Irish potato famine can also be tied back to many social and economic causes e. What can this tale of Irish woe demonstrate for fish conservation?
The value of genetic diversity. This applies to fish species and aquatic communities just the same as it applies to agricultural crops. If you can think of genetic value like you think of your retirement plan, a diversified portfolio minimizes risk and often provides the most reliable returns.
Essentially, by having greater genetic diversity within a fish species e. Perhaps one year, one population does well and in another year a different population does well. Over time, they all even out. By having that variation built in, the species minimizes its risk of complete collapse e. The portfolio effect is particularly valuable when considering harvested species because it helps fisheries maintain stable catch levels through the boom and bust cycles of particular populations see Schindler et al.
Spawning Sockeye Salmon. In the process of inheritance, nucleotides although not always whole genes are shuffled and recombined to form new combinations that are different than the parents.
Every individual is a unique combination of alleles from its parents unless it has been clonally propagated from just one parent; see box on cloning. In addition, other events can create new variation in the DNA sequences.
Mutations are changes to one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence. They are caused by mutagens such as radiation including ultraviolet radiation from the sun or chemicals, or simply by mistakes during DNA replication. Mutations in somatic cells nonreproductive cells can cause problems, such as cancer, in an organism but are not heritable.
Mutations in reproductive cells gametes are inherited by the progeny.
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