Aldrich, headed a new state agency with the proposed goal of creating a permanent trade exposition based in New York. Market research indicated that the city would benefit more by modernizing its ports, however, and the plan was soon scrapped. The grandson of Standard Oil founder John D. Rockefeller , David decided to revive the World Trade Center concept as the core of a revitalized lower Manhattan. For the resources and power to make the project work, Rockefeller turned to the Port of New York Authority.
The Port Authority had been chartered in by New York and New Jersey to build and operate all transportation terminals and facilities within a mile radius of the Statue of Liberty.
After a bitter legal battle with representatives of the Radio Row merchants, the Port Authority won the right to continue its plan. Instead of the traditional stacked glass-and-steel box construction of many New York skyscrapers, Yamasaki worked with structural engineers to come up with a revolutionary design: two hollow tubes, supported by closely spaced steel columns encased in aluminum. Floor trusses connected this exterior steel lattice to the central steel core of the building.
Wien even ran an ad in the New York Times in May predicting that a commercial airliner was likely to fly into the towers. Plans had already been made to guard against such an accident—which had happened in July with a smaller plane at the Empire State—and the towers were designed to be safe in a collision with a fully loaded plane the largest existing plane at the time.
It was assumed such a plane would have to be lost in fog for such an event to occur; a terrorist attack was never envisioned. View of the World Trade Center under construction, with a sign announcing the completion schedule, circa Because the ground in lower Manhattan was largely landfill, engineers would have to dig down 70 feet to reach bedrock.
Excavating machines dug a three-foot-wide trench down to the bedrock, and as dirt and rock were removed, they were replaced by slurry: a mixture of water and bentonite, a type of clay that expands when wet to plug any hole along the side of the trench. Workers then lowered a ton, seven-story-high steel cage into the trench and filled it with concrete by using a long pipe.
As the concrete flowed in, it displaced the bentonite slurry. By making more than of these slurry trench segments, workers enclosed an area two blocks wide and four blocks long. All in all, one million cubic yards of landfill had to be removed. At the end of construction, these cranes had to be disassembled and brought down by elevator. When the towers were finished, each one would have 97 passenger elevators, capable of carrying loads of up to 10, pounds at speeds of up to 1, feet per minute.
In all, the towers were assembled from more than , pieces of steel manufactured around the country, 3, miles of electrical wiring, , cubic yards of concrete, 40, doors, 43, windows and six acres of marble.
Construction went on until April , when the five-acre outdoor plaza, dominated by a foot-tall bronze sculpture by Fritz Koenig, was completed. The defining aspect of 3 WTC is its load-sharing system of diamond-shaped bracing, which helps to articulate the building's east-west configuration. This allows unimpeded degree panoramic views of New York. The tower consists of a reinforced concrete core with steel structure outside the core, and clad in an external structural steel frame.
The three-story high lobby provides visitors a "big picture window" of the Memorial park outside. Upper level floors straddle those beneath in a podium building formation, lending the tower a distinct interlocking nature and facilitating the high occupancy of the office floors.
The design of 2 WTC is derived from its urban context at the meeting point between two very different neighborhoods: the Financial District with its modernist skyscrapers and TriBeCa with its lofts and roof gardens.
The design combines the unique qualities of each, melding high-rise with low-rise and modern with historical. The needs and requirements of its tenants are concentrated into seven separate building volumes, each tailored to their unique activities. The stacking creates 38, sf 3, sm of outdoor terraces full of lush greenery and unprecedented views of the surrounding cityscape, extending life and social interaction outdoors. A public plaza at the foot of the building and access to , sf 32, sm of shopping and restaurants in the adjacent transportation hub and concourses will ensure life and activity in and around the new World Trade Center.
The modernist skyscraper and the contemporary interpretation of the pre-modern setback merge in a new hybrid and an exciting addition to the NYC skyline.
BIG — Bjarke Ingels Group is a New York and Copenhagen based group of architects, designers and thinkers operating within the fields of architecture, urbanism, research and development. BIG is led by 12 partners and 17 Associates.
With an international team of more than people, BIG works on projects across a broad spectrum of industries and in more than 20 countries worldwide. We take a human-centered approach to our work - looking at how our urban environments can increase the quality of life, designing cities and buildings as double ecosystems that are both ecologically and economically profitable.
In our work process, we put great focus on the necessary details in order to realize the BIG idea. But the sprinklers failed when they were needed the most. On the morning of August 7, , French acrobat Philippe Petit walked the more than feet between the Twin Towers on a high wire approximately one-quarter mile up in the air.
Thousands of commuters stared up, gasping in amazement. Exuding confidence in his minute show, the tightrope artist laid down on the wire, knelt down on one knee, talked to seagulls and teased police officers waiting to arrest him. Using his pound, foot-long balancing pole, he crossed between the tallest buildings in the world eight times before stopping when it started to rain. On September 11, , seismologists in 13 stations in five states—including the furthest in Lisbon, New Hampshire miles away—found that the collapse of the South Tower at a.
Measurements for the North Tower collapse half an hour later: 2. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. Recommended for you.
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