All these systems of identifying public speeches have been attempts at helping people determine the general purpose of their speech. A general purpose The broad goal that someone has for creating and delivering a speech.
These typologies or classification systems of public speeches serve to demonstrate that general speech purposes have remained pretty consistent throughout the history of public speaking.
Modern public speaking scholars typically use a classification system of three general purposes: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain. The first general purpose that some people have for giving speeches is to inform A general purpose designed to help audience members acquire information that they currently do not possess.
Simply put, this is about helping audience members acquire information that they do not already possess. Audience members can then use this information to understand something e. The most important characteristic of informative topics is that the goal is to gain knowledge.
Notice that the goal is not to encourage people to use that knowledge in any specific way. When a speaker starts encouraging people to use knowledge in a specific way, he or she is no longer informing but is persuading. In an informative speech, the purpose of the speech is to explain to your audience what the program is and how it works.
If, however, you start encouraging your audience to participate in the vaccination program, you are no longer informing them about the program but rather persuading them to become involved in the program. One of the most common mistakes new public speaking students make is to blur the line between informing and persuading.
In fact, understanding and exchanging knowledge is so important that an entire field of study, called knowledge management , has been created to help people especially businesses become more effective at harnessing and exchanging knowledge. In the professional world, sharing knowledge is becoming increasingly important. Every year, millions of people attend some kind of knowledge sharing conference or convention in hopes of learning new information or skills that will help them in their personal or professional lives.
Atwood, C. Knowledge management basics. People are motivated to share their knowledge with other people for a variety of reasons. Hendriks, P. Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing. Knowledge and Process Management, 6 , 91— For some, the personal sense of achievement or of responsibility drives them to share their knowledge internal motivational factors.
Others are driven to share knowledge because of the desire for recognition or the possibility of job enhancement external motivational factors. Knowledge sharing is an important part of every society, so learning how to deliver informative speeches is a valuable skill.
The first type of informative speech relates to objects, which can include how objects are designed, how they function, and what they mean. For example, a student of one of our coauthors gave a speech on the design of corsets, using a mannequin to demonstrate how corsets were placed on women and the amount of force necessary to lace one up. The second type of informative speech focuses on people. People-based speeches tend to be biography-oriented. Some speakers, who are famous themselves, will focus on their own lives and how various events shaped who they ultimately became.
Dottie Walters is most noted as being the first female in the United States to run an advertising agency. In addition to her work in advertising, Dottie also spent a great deal of time as a professional speaker. She often would tell the story about her early years in advertising when she would push around a stroller with her daughter inside as she went from business to business trying to generate interest in her copywriting abilities. Instead, you could inform your audience about a historical or contemporary hero whose achievements are not widely known.
The third type of informative speech involves explaining the significance of specific events, either historical or contemporary. For example, you could deliver a speech on a specific battle of World War II or a specific presidential administration. You could also inform your audience about a more recent or contemporary event.
Some examples include concerts, plays, and arts festivals; athletic competitions; and natural phenomena, such as storms, eclipses, and earthquakes. The point is to make sure that an informative speech is talking about the event who, what, when, where, and why and not attempting to persuade people to pass judgment upon the event or its effects. Martins, p. For example, if you want to explain a specific communication theory, E. Whether you want to discuss theories related to business, sociology, psychology, religion, politics, art, or any other major area of study, this type of speech can be very useful in helping people to understand complex ideas.
The fifth type of informative speech involves processes. The process speech can be divided into two unique types: how-it-functions and how-to-do. The first type of process speech helps audience members understand how a specific object or system works. For example, you could explain how a bill becomes a law in the United States. There is a very specific set of steps that a bill must go through before it becomes a law, so there is a very clear process that could be explained to an audience.
The how-to-do speech, on the other hand, is designed to help people come to an end result of some kind. In our experience, the how-to speech is probably the most commonly delivered informative speech in public speaking classes. This informative speech topic is probably the most difficult for novice public speakers because it requires walking a fine line between informing and persuading.
If you attempt to deliver this type of speech, remember the goal is to be balanced when discussing both sides of the issue. This series of books covers everything from the pros and cons of blogging to whether the United States should have mandatory military service. The following text represents an informative speech prepared and delivered by an undergraduate student named Jessy Ohl. While this speech is written out as a text for purposes of analysis, in your public speaking course, you will most likely be assigned to speak from an outline or notes, not a fully written script.
As you read through this sample speech, notice how Ms. Ohl uses informative strategies to present the information without trying to persuade her audience. In , a young missionary named Daniel Everett traveled deep into the jungles of Brazil to spread the word of God. However, he soon found himself working to translate the language of a remote tribe that would ultimately change his faith, lead to a new profession, and pit him in an intellectual fistfight with the world-famous linguist Noam Chomsky.
While all languages are unique, experts like Noam Chomsky have argued that they all have universal similarities, such as counting, that are hard-wired into the human brain. As Dr. Distaste for all things foreign is the reason why the people have rejected technology, farming, religion, and even artwork. A farewell speech refers to a speech where you say your goodbyes to a group of people.
For example, you can give a farewell speech to your colleagues when you leave your job, or give a farewell speech to your loved ones if you're moving far away or traveling abroad. Since farewell speeches often have a sad tone, they often generate strong emotions in both the speaker and the audience. Explanatory speeches describe a situation or particular thing.
While they're similar to demonstrative speeches, explanatory speeches provide a breakdown on how to do something while providing the audience with a detailed step-by-step process.
They also don't use a visual aid to help the audience better understand what you're saying. When a food talk show host shows their audience how they make a particular dish, for example, they use an explanatory speech to describe each step of the recipe process.
Funeral or eulogy speeches aim to honor a recently passed individual in front of an audience attending a funeral service. Typically, they're given by a minister or by someone close to the deceased. The speaker tries to find the right words to not only honor the individual with a heartfelt speech but also praise them for what they achieved when they were alive.
Before you give a speech, it's important to do conduct enough research to ensure you effectively communicate your idea, opinion or message. Use these tips to help with the speech research process:. Find jobs. Company reviews. Find salaries.
Upload your resume. Sign in. Career Development. What is a speech? Types of speeches. Informative speech. Entertaining speech. Demonstrative speech. Persuasive speech. Oratorical speech. Debate speech. Special occasion speech.
Pitch speech. Motivational speech. Impromptu speech. Farewell speech. Explanatory speech. Use transition words and phrases to let your audience know that you are moving from point to point.
The conclusion is where you remind your audience about the big picture: Why your subject is important. And then leave them with a powerful metaphor or a quote, or challenge them to think about what your subject means for them. Observe how JK Rowling cleverly connects to her audience in the opening of her Harvard Commencement speech. She reveals her fear about delivering the speech, then manages to turn the situation into a moment of connection as she and her audience laugh together.
A good public speaker—like JK Rowling—will start by establishing a positive rapport between herself and her audience. After all, the more your audience likes you, the more they will tune in to what you have to say. And the more your audience understands why your topic is important—to you and to them—the more attentive they will be. And above all, be authentic!
Letting the audience get to know the real you will make your story, and your message, even more meaningful and memorable. Evaluate your current marketing strategy and engage in creative brainstorming to reinvigorate the success of your marketing campaigns.
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Eventually, Smith was arrested for assaulting a teammate during film study. Already reeling from bad publicity from other player incidents, Richardson was pressured to cut Smith.
But he chose a different path. Richardson vowed to spend more time with Smith. He decided that Smith would be better served with guidance and caring than further punishment. In fact, Smith still plays for the Panthers to this day.
If the speaker intended to remind me how powerful that personal attention and forgiveness could be, he succeeded in spades. Fact is, your close is what your audience will remember. So recap your biggest takeaway. Tie everything together. Share a success story. Make a call to action. Your ending is what audience will ultimately talk about when they head out the door. And the longer you stay on stage, the more likely you are to stray and make mistakes.
So make your points and sit down. Never forget: This is their time, not yours. This is a BETA experience. You may opt-out by clicking here. More From Forbes. Nov 12, , am EST. Edit Story. Jul 16, , am EDT.
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