There he met a young Italian chemist, Ascanio Sobrero. Three years earlier, Sobrero had invented nitroglycerine, a highly explosive liquid. It was considered too dangerous to be of practical use. Alfred became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be used in construction work.
When he returned back to Russia after his studies, he worked together with his father to develop nitroglycerine as a commercially and technically useful explosive. They became successful and went on to develop the oil industry in the southern part of Russia. The government decided to ban these experiments within the Stockholm city limits. In , he was able to start mass production of nitroglycerine but he did not stop experimenting with different additives to make the production much safer.
Alfred found, through his experiments, that mixing nitroglycerine with a fine sand called kieselguhr would turn the liquid into paste which could be shaped into rods. These rods could then be inserted into drilling holes.
The invention was made in Alfred got a patent or legal right of ownership on this material the next year. These inventions were made at a time when the diamond drilling crown and pneumatic drill came into general use.
Together, these inventions helped reduce the cost of many construction work like drilling tunnels, blasting rocks, building bridges, etc. The controversy surrounding the peace prize stems in part from the ambiguity of the concept of peace. For example, the laureate was George C. However, Marshall had also been commander of U. A similarly controversial choice was the prize that went to U.
By contrast, the laureate, Mother Teresa , now known in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, was not directly involved in brokering peace agreements between nations, instead having founded the Missionaries of Charity, a religious congregation that now boasts 5, members in over countries. She also worked tirelessly to focus the country on issues of concern to mothers. And, of course, here too there have been surprising omissions. One of the greatest benefits of the Nobel Peace Prize is the fact that, once a year, it promotes a lively discussion about peace throughout the world.
Petersburg factory that built explosive mines and other military equipment. In , he invented a way to control the detonation of nitroglycerin, a highly volatile liquid that had been recently discovered but was previously regarded as too dangerous for use. Two years later, Nobel invented the blasting cap, an improved detonator that inaugurated the modern use of high explosives.
Previously, the most dependable explosive was black powder, a form of gunpowder. Searching for a safer explosive, Nobel discovered in that the combination of nitroglycerin and a porous substance called kieselguhr produced a highly explosive mixture that was much safer to handle and use. In , Nobel created a more powerful form of dynamite, blasting gelatin, and in introduced ballistite, a smokeless nitroglycerin powder.
After he died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, , the majority of his estate went toward the creation of prizes to be given annually in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. Today, the Nobel Prizes are regarded as the most prestigious awards in the world in their various fields.
Multiple leaders and organizations sometimes receive the Nobel Peace Prize, and multiple researchers often share the scientific awards for their joint discoveries. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences decides the prizes in physics, chemistry, and economic science; the Swedish Royal Caroline Medico-Surgical Institute determines the physiology or medicine award; the Swedish Academy chooses literature; and a committee elected by the Norwegian parliament awards the peace prize.
The Nobel Prizes are still presented annually. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Canton finishes the season , allowing 15 points and producing nine shutouts. Discover Membership. Editions Quartz. More from Quartz About Quartz. Follow Quartz. These are some of our most ambitious editorial projects.
From our Obsession. Published October 2, This article is more than 2 years old.
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